Using natural language processing, we identify corporate goals stated in the shareholder letters of the 150 largest companies in the United States from 1955 to 2020. Corporate goals have proliferated, ...

Current technological developments in a number of industries, such as the rise of artificial intelligence and innovations ...

In frictionless financial markets, a carbon tax on energy users provides the same incentives as a replicating return schedule that depends on firms' emission intensities, defined as scope 1 emissions ...

This paper considers why fertility has fallen to historically low levels in virtually all high-income countries. Using cohort data, we document rising childlessness at all observed ages and falling ...

In addition to working papers, the NBER disseminates affiliates’ latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the ...

Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to conducting economic research and to disseminating research findings among academics, public policy makers, ...

Fatal Years is the first systematic study of child mortality in the United States in the late nineteenth century. Exploiting newly discovered data from the 1900 Census of Population, Samuel Preston ...

Lab-in-the-field experiments, in which lab experiments are conducted in more naturalistic settings, are increasingly being implemented in developing country contexts. In this chapter, we outline the ...

While prior studies of language acquisition have focused on schools, we show the overwhelming influence of out-of-school learning. We identify the causal effect of subtitling in a ...

The charter school movement encompasses many school models. In Massachusetts in the 2010’s, the site of our study, urban charter schools primarily used “No Excuses” practices, whereas nonurban ...

Medium- and long-run dynamics undermine the effect of automatic enrollment and default savings-rate auto-escalation on retirement savings. Our analysis of nine 401(k) plans incorporates the facts that ...

Using newly-collected data on the near-population of U.S. STEM PhD graduates since 1950, we examine who funds PhD training, how many graduates are trained in areas of strategic national importance, ...